中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
田立坤代表：护航数字经济发展 推进制定《数字经济促进法》******
【奋进向未来——知识分子代表委员筑梦新篇】
近年来，伴随数字经济迅速发展，类似电商平台“二选一”“网络虚假刷量”、屏蔽浏览器广告、“大数据杀熟”、网络售假等侵害消费者权益和知识产权的行为时有发生，数字经济领域的偷税漏税、软色情营销等问题也愈发凸显。“推进符合数字经济发展的立法具有重大的现实意义。提议相关部门制定《数字经济促进法》，为数字经济发展保驾护航。”全国人大代表、哈尔滨凯纳科技股份有限公司董事长田立坤说。
田立坤介绍，我国数字经济相关的法律规范日益完善，涉及行政法、民法、知识产权法等多个领域，涵盖网络安全、知识产权、市场竞争、消费者权益保护等多方面议题。比如，《中华人民共和国数据安全法》、《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》、《中华人民共和国网络安全法》等，为《数字经济促进法》提供了良好的法制环境。
此外，浙江、广东、江苏、河南、河北等地已先后出台数字经济促进条例，对数字基础设施建设、数据资源开发利用、数字产业化、产业数字化、治理数字化、数字技术创新、保障和监督等形成法律条文，为制定《数字经济促进法》提供了良好的立法基础。
田立坤建议，以数字基础设施建设、数据资源开发利用、数字产业化、产业数字化、治理数字化、数字技术创新、保障和监督等为核心，整合各领域、各地域、各层级的数字经济治理规则，完善主管部门、监管机构职责，为数字经济提供统一、周全的保障和支持，建立综合治理体系、提升综合治理能力，加快《数字经济促进法》立法。
其中，要以信息技术为支撑、以信息网络为基础，为经济社会发展提供感知、传输、存储、计算及融合应用等基础性信息服务的公共设施体系，主要包括通信网络基础设施、算力基础设施、新技术基础设施、融合基础设施和信息安全基础设施。
在数据资源开发利用方面，要高度重视政务数据开放共享，深化政务数据跨层级、跨地域、跨部门有序共享，建立健全公共数据资源体系；支持社会化数据服务机构发展，鼓励市场力量挖掘商业数据价值，推动数据价值产品化、服务化，大力发展专业化、个性化数据服务；支持数据资源开发市场化发展，创新数据交易模式，拓宽数据交易渠道，促进数据高效流通。
做好数字产业化。重点推动集成电路、高端软件、数字安防、网络通信、智能计算、新型显示、新型元器件及材料、网络安全等产业发展，促进云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等技术与各产业深度融合，培育区块链、量子信息、柔性电子、虚拟现实等产业发展。
做好产业数字化。推动大中小型企业数字化转型。重点支持农业、制造业、服务业数字化转型升级，并重点支持智慧农业和水利、工业、商务贸易、智慧物流、金融、能源等行业开展数字化转型提升工程，探索平台企业与产业园区联合运营模式。
加强治理数字化。推动数字技术与政府履职全面深度融合，加快实现“一网通办”。推动公共服务资源数字化供给和网络化服务，深化新型智慧城市建设，推动城市数据整合共享和业务协同，因地制宜构建数字孪生城市，鼓励加快城市智能设施向乡村延伸覆盖。（光明日报全媒体记者 李政葳 梁爽）
